Why people choose teaching: A scoping review of empirical studies, 2007–2016     

《Teaching and Teacher Education》2018

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Expert systems: aspects of and limitations to the codifiability of knowledge     

Robin Cowan   《Research Policy》2001,30(9)

The creation of expert systems is one way in which knowledge is codified. In creating an expert system, in general there are three aspects to the codification process: creating a model of the knowledge to be codified; creating the language in which to express the model; and writing messages representing the knowledge in that language. These aspects have different relative importance in different contexts. Referring to four case studies, the paper argues further that codification through creating expert systems is not uniformly successful and part of the variation has to do with the nature of the knowledge, or intellectual process or activity being codified, and the difficulty in creating the model. Activities with fixed goals and linear processes lend themselves very well to this form of codification. Processes of categorization and analogy, such as fault detection and repair, are partially successful, tending more often to create systems for experts. Processes involving balancing conflicting goals have, to date, tended to be unsuccessfully codified. These process types involve knowledge or understanding at deeper and deeper levels of abstraction of the overall processes and overarching goals. The more abstract and less concrete the knowledge involved in the task, the more difficult it is to codify it.  相似文献   

科技期刊审稿专家的评价和改进措施     

刘凤华  陈立敏  李启明 《中国科技期刊研究》2016,27(8):857-862

【目的】通过对审稿专家的评价进而提出优化审稿专家的措施。【方法】 选取《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2011—2015年267位审稿专家7756条审稿记录,统计267位专家的审稿数量、审稿时滞及审稿结论。【结果】 通过统计和分析,5年间审稿篇次>31篇的66位专家是期刊的核心审稿专家,其中,审稿时滞在3周以内的专家占92.5%;审稿时滞上,就所有专家而言,74.2%的能在3周内审回稿件;审稿结论上,拒审占5.0%,无具体审稿意见或审稿意见过简无针对性的占10.5%。【结论】 要保证期刊的核心专家队伍,必须从专家和编辑两个层面进行改进。对专家适当取舍,保证核心审稿专家的数量;同时编辑应做好服务工作,重视专家的知识回报。  相似文献   

University Counselling Service Utilisation by Local and International Students and User Characteristics: A Review     

Adam Raunic  Sophia Xenos 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2008,30(4):262-267

This paper reviews research on students’ usage of university counselling services across countries and their demographic and psychological characteristics. In doing so, emphasis is given to reported distinctions between local and international university students. Utilisation rates, encouraging factors and barriers to utilisation, presenting problems, and methodological problems with existing studies are each examined. The findings suggest that only a minority of between 2% and 4% of university students access such services, with females being more likely to use them than males. International students in particular underutilise these services, and this is primarily due to such students’ preference for seeking help from family or friends over outside sources. When students do seek assistance, their presenting issues most commonly involve symptoms of depression or anxiety, as well as academic and relationship difficulties.  相似文献   

矿井通风安全预警仿真系统的研究     

韩文骥  王文平  韩可琦 《洛阳工业高等专科学校学报》2006,16(1):29-30

利用虚拟现实与GIS技术,实现计算机通风系统管理,巷道的三维显示,瓦斯、风速、温度的实时显示,实现最短避灾路线的算法。并利用事故树分析法与专家系统实现事故的分析与预测。为矿井的通风安全提供辅助决策的功能。  相似文献   

The expert witness in child abuse and neglect: An interdisciplinary process     

Donald N. Duquette 《Child abuse & neglect》1981,5(3):325-334

The legal system is an important part of a society's response to child abuse and child neglect. Courts need to be guided in their deliberations by experts from many different professions. Consultation and in-court expert testimony is necessary from medicine, psychology, psychiatry, social work and other professions both to prove child abuse and neglect and establish the power of the court to act on behalf of a child but also to guide the court in the intervention strategy most suited to the needs of the child and his family. Non-lawyers often feel uncomfortable in the legal setting. The adversary process is foreign to their training and professional experience. Collaboration with a lawyer greatly improves their effectiveness in court. Lawyers, on the other hand, need to make maximum use of medical and social-psychological experts in the court process in the interests of their clients; but to do so lawyers need a basic understanding of the other professions. With an emphasis on a process of mutual education, the paper presents a framework for collaboration between lawyers and expert witnesses in child abuse and neglect cases. “Expert witness” is defined; informal consultation is encouraged; suggestions for selecting a collaborator are made; initial contracts between lawyer and expert, case conferencing and preparation for trial are discussed; specific advice on direct and cross examination is provided.  相似文献   

革命浴火重生历史如实再现——评魏巍的《地球的红飘带》     

梁志群 《广播电视大学学报》2006,(3):30-32

魏巍的《地球的红飘带》是一部以长征为题材的现实主义与浪漫主义相结合的力作。它真实再现了中国工农红军二万五千里长征这一传奇事件。作品在整体风格、写作方式和人物刻画方面,具有独到之处。  相似文献   

近年来我国高校学术权力与行政权力关系研究述评   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

甘金球 《煤炭高等教育》2008,26(6):14-16

学术权力与行政权力的关系的研究观点概括为四种：冲突论、协调统一论、对立统一论和不对称论。学者们主要从理念、制度、机制三个方面设计了协调行政权力与学术权力关系的基本思路。多数学者认为,通过强化学术权力,建立起学术权力与行政权力相互协调的运行机制是协调两者关系的最直接有效的办法。从多元权力结构视角研究两者之间的关系是研究的趋势,也符合我国高校内部现存的权力结构。  相似文献   

机载相控阵雷达调度的专家系统研究     

甘俊英  李少洪 《五邑大学学报(社会科学版)》1993,(3)

本文研究设计了一种新型的机载相控阵雷达调度(SOMAPAR)的专家系统。该系统构造了一个由多种知识表达方式实现的知识库,并运用模糊数学方法表达知识,建立了一个简单的模糊推理机。仿真结果表明,该SOMAPAR专家系统能使雷达自适应于目标环境的变化,调整自身状态在最佳条件下工作,具有一定的专家水平。  相似文献   

Effects of curricular emphasis in college on the GRE and its impact on the gender gap in performance     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2019

Previous research has indicated positive relations between a curricular emphasis during college and improvements in GRE performance for content that matches that emphasis. However, measurement issues and a lack of a theoretical approach have contributed to a lack of precision and detail in the estimates of the relation between college experiences and performance for relevant content. In the current study, we hypothesized that differences in training between students majoring in math related majors and students majoring in reading and writing related majors would be differentially related to the size of the changes on GRE performance. Further, we hypothesized the gender gap in GRE-Quant performance would be reduced when the higher likelihood of males majoring in math related majors was modelled. The expert performance approach was used to develop three path models (including curricular emphasis, college grade performance, previous performance on the SAT, and gender) to compare the effects of the relation of a curricular emphasis in math on GRE-Quant performance to the effects of the relation of an emphasis in reading and writing on GRE-Verbal performance. The results indicated support for our predictions that a math course emphasis was related to larger GRE performance gains and that gender differences in curricular emphasis during college partially mediated the large gender gap in GRE-Quant performance. Additionally, higher grade performance average was found to positively predict GRE performance with college experiences and previous performance statistically controlled. Implications for the relation between training accrued during college courses and changes in GRE performance are discussed.  相似文献